By Types of Diabetes
With the improvement of living standards, the prevalence of diabetes is on the rise all over the world. It has become another non communicable chronic disease that seriously endangers human health.
What is Diabetes
The main types of diabetes include type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes (diabetes while pregnant) and other special types of diabetes. The T2DM is the main disease, accounting for about 95%.
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
T1DM is a genetic and immune disruption autoimmune disease that results in massive β-cell destruction. It is recognized to result from a complex interplay between environmental factors and microbiome, genome, metabolism, and immune systems that vary between individual cases. - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
T2DM is characterised by relative insulin deficiency caused by pancreatic β-cells dysfunction and insulin resistance in target organs. It develops over many years and is usually diagnosed in adults. - Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is the third main form, and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood sugar levels. Risk factors include being overweight, previously having gestational diabetes, a family history of type 2 diabetes, and having polycystic ovarian syndrome. In women with gestational diabetes, blood sugar usually returns to normal soon after delivery.
The Immunopathogenesis of T1DM (Linda, A. D.; et al. the lancet, 2018)
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